Advanced Assessment

Optional advanced biomarkers and CGM data for comprehensive metabolic evaluation

Adipokines

Hormones secreted by adipose tissue that regulate metabolism

Leptin (ng/mL)

Reference: Males 1-5 ng/mL, Females 7-13 ng/mL (lean)

Adiponectin (μg/mL)

Reference: Males 2-10 μg/mL, Females 5-15 μg/mL

Beta-Cell Function Markers

Markers of pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin processing

C-peptide

Fasting reference: 0.5-2.0 ng/mL

Proinsulin (pmol/L)

Fasting reference: 3-20 pmol/L

These advanced biomarkers provide additional insight into adipose tissue function and beta-cell health. They are optional and not required for the core metabolic assessment.